Brackish and fresh water

 

vendor code reviews

 

Cv and “Cf” of a valve

 Critical Flow Factor, often referred to as “Cf” is a coefficient that defines how pressure will recover after it drops to its lowest point inside the control valve. This lowest point is also referred to as the vena contracta*.

All globe-style control valves have a Cf that stays consistent regardless of the trim position, unlike the Flow Coefficient (Cv).

Note: The Pressure Recovery Factor (FL) also refers to the Critical Flow Factor in some literature.

What is Cf Used For?

Cf is a factor needed in order to calculate Flow Coefficient (Cv) or Flow Rate for valve sizing purposes. 

What is Valve Flow Coefficient (Cv)?

Valve Flow Coefficient (Cv) is a valve’s capacity for a liquid or gas to flow through it.

It is technically defined as “the volume of water at 60°F (in US gallons) that will flow through a valve per minute with a pressure drop of 1 psi across the valve.”

As the stem opens, the Cv increases.

The maximum Cv for the 2-inch regulator is 47, while the maximum for the 3-inch regulator is 117.

CWE

 Cold Water Equivalent means the barrels of steam expressed in terms of an equivalent cold water volume with the cold water density being 62.4 pounds mass per cubic foot.

999.5521145351039 kg/m3

Convert to mass flworate and then use that to determine the volumetric flowrate at the temp and pressure u desire

Bubbler Panel

Bubbler System Process

The bubbler system works by forcing a gas (compressed air) 

at a near-constant flow rate out the bottom of an open 

tube (bubble/dip tube) submerged in liquid. The back pressure 

in this tube is measured. With the process liquid’s density known, 

the level can be calculated using the back pressure and 

density. A pressure transmitter converts the back pressure to 

provide a 4-20ma output to a controller, which calculates 

the liquid’s level.

As the liquid level increases, the head pressure on the bubble tube gets higher. This means more pressure is needed to maintain a constant flow rate to overcome the pressure of the fluid.

If the fluid level goes down, so does the head pressure on the bubble tube and the pressure required to maintain constant flow rate of air or gas.  

To minimize maintenance requirements, we can add a purge line to clear the bubble tube of debris and buildup. This can be a manual operation with the push of a button, or automated with a purge schedule and timer.

https://www.instrumentationtoolbox.com/2014/06/bubbler-tube-system-for-level.html?m=0

https://automationforum.co/troubleshooting-advantages-disadvantages-and-application-of-the-bubbler-type-level-measurement-system/

pump types

Types of pumps

https://www.ny-engineers.com/blog/main-types-of-pumps

Fig.1. Pump classification.1

SUB-TYPE	DESCRIPTION	EXAMPLES
Reciprocating Pump	Flow is established inside a cavity that expands and contracts, such as a piston. Water moves into the cavity during expansion, and is forced out during contraction, while the flow direction is controlled by using check valves.	Bladder Diaphragm Peristaltic Piston/plunger
Rotary Pump	This pump type uses a rotor that traps water in cavities, releasing it at the outlet. These cavities can be the spaces between gear teeth or screw threads, among other configurations. Some designs use more than one shaft, but the principle is the same: the rotor shape is designed to capture “pockets” of water and displace them in the intended direction.	Gear Screw Progressing cavity Rotary lobe Rotary vane

SUB-TYPE	DESCRIPTION	PERFORMANCE
Axial Flow Pump	Also known as a propeller pump, it produces water flow along the impeller shaft direction.	High flow rate Low pressure
Radial Flow Pump	This pump type produces flow in a direction perpendicular to the shaft (90° angle).	Low flow rate High pressure
Mixed Flow Pump	This pump type combines radial and axial flow, producing a conical flow pattern around the shaft.	Medium flow rate Medium pressure

SOME LESSONS

 HEAT EXCHANEGR 

TUBE SIDE HOT FLUID

2 DIFFERNET CHECK VALVES WILL PREVENT FLOW CASE BUT NOT PRESSURE CASE

SPECTACLE BLIND WHEN NOZZLE NOT IN USE

Canned Pump

Canned motor pumps are preferred in the chemical and petrochemical industry, but also for simple pumping tasks, such as circulating pumps in industrial refrigeration equipment.

In general, the following media are conveyed: aggressive, toxic, explosive, hot, cryogenic, malodorous, volatile, flammable or carcinogenic substances – in brief, media that represent an environmental and health hazard.

Advantages of canned motor pumps at a glance:

• Absolute leak tightness to the outside. Canned motor pumps meet the highest environmental protection standards.
• Double containment shell to the atmosphere. The motor housing and terminal box are designed as pressure-containing parts and as a second containment shell.
• Extremely low sound level
• ZART^® technology ensures non-contact, wear-free operation of the rotor unit
• Practically no wear and minimal maintenance
• High availability and long service life
• Reduced maintenance and low life cycle costs
• Higher MTBF values compared to conventional chemical pumps with mechanical seal
• Easy installation, no alignment of motor and coupling required

 

·         Canned motors are employed wherever hot, aggressive, explosive, toxic or radioactive fluids need to be pumped, which is why a great deal of focus is placed on hermetically sealed pump sets without gland packings or mechanical seals. Canned motors are used for circulators reactor circulating pumps (see Reactor pump), and process pumps for chemical and process engineering applications.
See Fig. 1 Canned motor

·        

·         Fig. 1 Canned motor pump: Single-stage volute casing pump for general industrial applications

 

Steam flooding

Stam inject and sweep oil to well

Canned – sump pump, not enough npsh, in our plant for solvent (500-600 kg/m³)

Impeller under the ground, impeller of the pump is underground to provide head for pump and suction

Solvent booster pumps are canned and solvent feed pump are canned type

 

0012 I scanned pump to be used

 

Lean or rich gluycool can be water content , can be solvent or water or gas content in gas or h2s or co2

Production crossover

 

ALL HEAT XCHNAGERSS ARE CONSIDERED AS A PRESSURE VESSEL SO THEY HAVE A PSV AS PER THE ASME CODE ON BOTH SIDES

 

 

ALL VESSELS COZ OF THE ACCUMULATION PRESSURE WILL HAVE PRESSURE CLASS CHANGE AT THE BOTTOM AND ITS BEST TO HAVE IT AT THE NOZZLE SINCE THE NOZZLE WILL HAVE A PRESSURE CLASS CHANGE ANYWAYS